Dynamotive Advanced Fuels
UBA
The first stage of upgrading process under development is the hyrdroreforming of raw BioOil and is designated as UBA. During the process, BioOil is hydro-reformed to stabilize product, render it miscible with hydrocarbons, cause phase separation of water in the BioOil, lower its viscosity, lower its corrosivity and lower oxygen content from ~50% to around ~10%. UBA is stabilized so it can be hydrotreated in a standard refinery without the risk of coke formation or blended with diesel fuels used in stationary heat and power applications and can be steered towards diesel/gasoline/jet fuel etc. based on selection of commercial hydrotreating catalyst and hydrotreatment process conditions.
UBB
Second stage of upgrading process involves a conventional hydrotreatment over a commercial catalyst to convert UBA into a product designated as UBB. Upgrading process uses conventional hydrotreatment equipment and process conditions for rapid implementation at pilot and commercial scale to produce transportation grade liquid hydrocarbon fuels (gasoline/diesel). Based on initial test and analysis, the Company currently estimates that it can deliver advanced (second generation) fuels from biomass at a cost of less than $ 2 per gallon of ethanol-equivalent fuel in facilities processing about 70,000 tonnes of biomass per annum (current scale of its 200 metric tonne per day plant).
| Temperature | 330 °C |
| Pressure | ~1800 psi |
| Weight Hourly Space Velocity | ~1.5g BioOil/(g-catalyst-hr) |
| Catalyst | xxxxxxxx |
| Yields (based on raw biooil) (Mass balance closure ~ 98%) |
|
| UBA | 45% |
| Total Gas (~80% CO2 + 20% CH4) | 8.1% |
| Water content of Aqueous phase (81% water) |
37.9% |
| Organics dissolved in Aqueous Phase (~ 38% Methanol + 62% Acetic Acid) |
8.9% |
| H2 consumption | + 1.4% |
| UBA Properties | |
| Water Content | 0.84% |
| Oxygen Content | ~10% |
| HHV | 39.5 MJ/Kg |
| Specific Gravity | 0.97 |
| TAN mg KOH/g | 37 |
| Temperature | 350 °C |
| Pressure | ~1700 psi |
| Weight Hourly Space Velocity | ~2.5g UBA/(g-catalyst-hr) |
| Catalyst | Commercial Hyrdotreating Catalyst |
| Yields (based on UBA) (Mass balance closure ~ 93%) |
|
| UBB | 83% |
| Total Gas (~43% CO2 + 27% CH4 + 30% CO, C2) |
9.6% |
| Water content of Aqueous phase (95% water) |
8.6% |
| H2 consumption | + 2% |
| UBB Properties | |
| Water Content | 0.05% |
| Oxygen Content | ~1% |
| HHV | 45 MJ/Kg |
| Specific Gravity | 0.87 |
| TAN mg KOH/g | 0.9 |